High-performance hybrid silicon and lithium niobate Mach–Zehnder modulators for over 100 Gbit/s

Based on a Silicon and Lithium Niobate hybrid integration platform, we demonstrate Mach-Zehnder modulators that feature low insertion loss, low drive voltage, large modulation bandwidth, high linearity, compact footprint and low manufacturing cost. The hybrid platform demonstrated here opens up new avenues for future high-speed and energy efficient networks.