Chemical Sensors: Voltammetric and Amperometric Electrochemical Sensors

Sensors based on voltammetry and amperometry are involved in several fields such as clinical, food, environmental, pharmaceutical, and industrial sectors. The present article describes the principle of the voltammetry and amperometry and highlights the practical applications of various analytical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, square wave voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Thanks to the modification of the sensors with nanomaterials, polymers, mediators, and bioreceptors sensitivity and selectivity are much improved. Biosensors have demonstrated their excellent ability to be integrated easily into batch or flow injection modes, wearable or miniaturized electrochemical devices, allowing them to be adapted to specific applications.