Propofol suppresses proliferation, invasion, and migration of human melanoma cells via regulating microRNA‐137 and fibroblast growth factor 9

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic widely used in clinical surgeries, such as tumor resection. Propofol affects the growth of many cancers, though its effect on melanoma is unknown. Our study aimed to explore how propofol affects melanoma cells. Melanoma cells A2058 and WM793B were cultured with propofol for 24 hr. Propofol significantly suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of A2058 and WM793B cells. Lower miR-137 level was observed in A2058 and WM793B cells, compared with normal human epidermal melanocyte HEMa-LP cells. Propofol-induced miR-137 upregulation and decreased proliferation, invasive ability, and migrated ability of A2058 and WM793B cells. Transfection with the miR-137 inhibitor reversed these effects. Additionally, miR-137 was verified to target and negatively regulate fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) expression. Propofol efficiently downregulated FGF9 protein expression by upregulating miR-137. Furthermore, FGF9 overexpression abrogated propofol's repressive effects on the malignant potential of A2058 and WM793B cells. These findings indicate that propofol suppressed melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by regulating miR-137 and FGF9.