Ibudilast (AV411), and its AV1013 analog, reduce HIV-1 replication and neuronal death induced by HIV-1 and morphine

Collectively, our data suggest that AV411 and its amino analog, AV1013, may be useful neuroprotective agents counteracting neurotoxicity caused by infected and activated glia, and implicate them as potential therapies for the management of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in an opioid-abusing population.