A surfactant-free, eco-sustainable detergent utilizing collagen Pickering emulsions

). The collagen detergent achieves a comparable cleaning efficiency of up to 90% on both human skin and various material surfaces, in comparison with commercial products. More importantly, it is non-irritating to the eyes and skin and exhibits no toxicity toward cells, seeds, lettuce seedlings, and zebrafish. By combining high detergency with exceptional biocompatibility and environmental safety, this approach offers a compelling alternative to conventional surfactants. Remarkably, the detergent is produced solely from delimed bovine split trimmings, demonstrating the potential of collagen valorization for next-generation sustainable cleaning agents that align with ecological preservation and public health priorities.