A cell motility-based selective hydrogel enables rapid generation of nerve-repairing blood clots

Blood clots containing nutrients can promote multiple tissue repair, but their use in nerve repair is limited due to the risk of red blood cell-related neurotoxicity. We presented a cell motility-based selective hydrogel for the rapid generation of nerve-repairing blood clots with negligible red blood cell toxicity. This hydrogel, derived from gelatin and featuring a nanocolloidal structure, permitted the migration of neural stem cells (NSCs) while blocking red blood cells, which was mediated by differential cell motility within its nanostructure. Following the rapid generation of blood clots, the hydrogel with blood-derived growth factors promoted the recruitment of endogenous NSCs. The nanocolloidal structure in the hydrogel facilitated the migration and differentiation of NSCs to repair the neural tissue. In rats and porcine models, the hydrogel could induce rapid hemostasis and promote nerve repair in vivo, leading to improved neurological function. This work provides a proof of concept for the generation of nerve-repairing clots using a cell motility-based selective hydrogel, which would inspire future methods for nerve repair. Upon blood contact, the cell motility-based selective hydrogel rapidly generates a nerve-repairing blood clot with minimal RBC entrapment. Subsequently, it recruits endogenous NSCs, promoting their migration and differentiation into neurons to facilitate nerve repair. A cell motility-based selective hydrogel for rapid generation of nerve-repairing blood clots . • We designed a nanostructured hydrogel with a cell-selective ability. • RBCs and NSCs could be selected due to their differences in motility. • The hydrogel rapidly generated nerve-repairing blood clots with low RBC toxicity. • Blood clots and the nanostructure synergistically influenced endogenous NSCs. • The hydrogel effectively repaired neural tissue and restored neurological function.