材料科学
模数
微观结构
纳米技术
双稳态
延伸率
微流控
柔性电子器件
弹性模量
智能材料
复合材料
动态力学分析
刚度(电磁)
纳米结构
聚合物
粘弹性
自组装
数码产品
超分子化学
网络结构
作者
Guohang Zhang,Zheng Wang,Qi Wang,qi Quan,Xiaohan Liu,Juya Zhu,Yuanjie Zhou,Zhongyu Zhang,Xiaoyan Zhou,Minzhi Chen
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202523597
摘要
ABSTRACT Gels exhibiting mechanically programmable strength under ambient conditions are essential for advancing flexible electronic devices. Here, a mechanically programmable ionogel based on choline chloride and poly(acrylic acid) (ChCl‐PAA) is presented, with CaCl 2 being a key structural modulator. Using a dynamically controlled salting‐out strategy, a crystal‐domain–locking architecture is formed that enhances mechanical strength. The cooling rate governs the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties, rapid cooling at −20°C min −1 generates numerous defective CaCl 2 lattices, that effectively induce interpenetration of PAA chains via coordination and establish localized “crystal locks”, producing a rigid network (Young's modulus 448 ± 14.21 MPa). Conversely, a slow cooling at −2°C min −1 promotes the growth of large‐sized densely packed CaCl 2 crystals, reduces polymer–crystal coupling, and yields to phase‐separated morphologies. Accordingly, the slowly cooled ionogel exhibits a remarkably high elongation at break (687 ± 18%) and a markedly reduced Young's modulus (11.6 ± 1.15 MPa). Overall, this dynamically controlled salting‐out strategy enables reversible hierarchical modulus regulation range spanning four orders of magnitude. This capability supports applications in reprogrammable adaptive devices, humidity‐driven energy harvesters, rapid‐response fire alarms, and bistable sensors that switch between rigid and ductile states. These findings provide a versatile design strategy for adaptive polymer–inorganic hybrid systems with mechanically programmable strength, electrical conductivity, and multifunctional stimulus responsiveness.
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