A scanning electron microscope study of the hatching of bovine blastocysts in vitro

The blastocysts were recovered from cows 7--10 days after oestrus and cultured. The zona pellucida has a spongy fibrous structure. Hatching begins, about 24 h after culture, through a relatively small hole out of which the blastocyst appears to escape by its own activity. Later the zona becomes split and the two edges of the slit surround part of the blastocyst. The emerging cells were large or small blastomeres which were generally covered by a dense mass of microvilli.