High-resolution solid-state NMR studies of hydrocarbon conversions on the surface of solid acid catalysts are overviewed. The results of identification of hydrocarbons adsorbed on solid acid catalysts are presented. Alkane activation and hydrocarbon conversion mechanisms and the nature of reactive intermediates are discussed. It is demonstrated that NMR spectroscopy can be used not only in the in situ analysis of hydrocarbons on the catalyst surface, but also as a method for seeking new hydrocarbon conversion routes.