Tumor-Derived Model Biobanks in China: Current Status and Future Challenges

Tumor-derived model biobanks comprise patient-derived xenografts, organoids, cell models or cultures, and selected paired derivatives linked to clinical, pathological, molecular, and functional data. In China, patient-derived organoid and xenograft resources have expanded through clinical and academic studies, enterprise-operated platforms, and conventional hospital biobank support for clinical sourcing and quality management. Published studies demonstrate disease-focused living resources in common tumors as well as selected premalignant and less common settings. Clinical and academic groups provide clinically annotated specimens and outcome context, whereas enterprise-operated platforms describe model-generation workflows, functional testing modules, database interfaces, and preclinical service capacity. Together, these activities suggest a transition from project-based model collections toward translational research infrastructure. However, public catalogues, model-level quality descriptors, case-model-data linkage, and access mechanisms remain uneven. This review summarizes representative Chinese resources and enterprise platform types, discusses international benchmark functions for model-biobank maturity, and emphasizes quality transparency for external verification and resource discovery. Future development should strengthen minimum information fields, quality reporting, and governance mechanisms that allow model resources to be discovered and used under appropriate access control.