A persistent-range hydrogen-bonded gel polymer electrolyte enabling wide-temperature and recyclable lithium metal batteries

in regular carbonate electrolytes). The resulting PHB-GPE endows Li-metal pouch cells with stable cycling across a -60° to 100°C temperature range. Moreover, PHB-GPE exhibits recyclability potential, enabling the reuse of the Li salt and polymer at the end of battery life. These findings provide transformative insights into designing multifunctional GPE structures for next-generation LMBs, addressing both performance and sustainability imperatives.