Highly efficient removal of a toxic methylene blue dye by adsorption on CuAlMnO nanoparticles: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and mechanism studies using statistical modelling

In the current study, the three-dimensional (3D) CuAlMnO nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using the co-precipitation method. For the examination of the surface functionalization, shape, natural proportion, and practical gathering of these nanoparticles, different scientific strategies (FE-SEM, HRTEM, SAED, Mapping, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR) were utilised. SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles had a structure resembling a circular shape. The methylene blue (MB) adsorption activities of the prepared 3D CuAlMnO nanoparticles were investigated as an adsorbent for the first time. The 3D CuAlMnO nanoparticles exhibit improved MB adsorption with a high removal percentage of more than 99.21% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 222.22 mg/g at an equilibrium time within less than 40 minutes by optimising the loading of CuAlMnO nanoparticles. The thermodynamics, and isotherm examinations for the adsorption of MB over the CuAlMnO nanoparticles exhibit that the adsorption interaction follows an exothermic process and is well-fitted with the typical Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The n upsides of the model boundaries were, separately, n = 0.999, 0.989, and 0.992 at 298, 308, and 318 K (all values are under 1). Consequently, interactions between MB active sites and CuAlMnO nanoparticles were thought to involve a variety of locking mechanisms as well as horizontal molecule orientation. At 298, 308, and 318 K, Qsat had values of 142.086, 0.215, and 0.181 mg/g, respectively. According to the findings of Qsat, as the temperature rises, MB molecules and CuAlMnO nanoparticles rarely encounter one another.