Resting-state Quantitative EEG Spectral Patterns in Migraine During Ictal Phase Reveal Deviant Brain Oscillations: Potential Role of Density Spectral Array

Background. Migraine headache may have a substantial bearing on the brain functions and rhythms. Electrophysiological methods can detect changes in brain oscillation. The present work examined the frequency band power through quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) and density spectral array (DSA) to elucidate the resting state neuronal oscillations in migraine. Methods. Clinical details were inquired, and EEG was recorded in migraineurs and healthy controls. The acquired data were analyzed to determine power spectral density values and obtain DSA graphs. The absolute and relative powers for the alpha, theta, and delta frequencies in frontocentral, parieto-occipital, and temporal regions were determined. A correlation of significant EEG findings with clinical features of migraine was sought. Results. Forty-five participants were enrolled in the study. The spectrum analysis revealed an increase in the relative theta power (P < .001) and a reduction in relative alpha power (P < .001) in the observed cortical areas among the migraineurs as compared to the healthy controls. Relative delta power was increased over the frontocentral region (P = .001), slightly more on the symptomatic side of the head. In addition, frontocentral delta power had a moderate positive correlation (r = .697, n = 22, P = .000) with migraine severity. Conclusion. The study supports the evidence of a neuronal dysfunction existing in the resting state during the ictal phase of migraine. qEEG can reveal these aberrant oscillations. Utility of DSA to depict the changes in brain activity in migraine is a potential area for research. The information can help formulate new therapeutic strategies towards alteration in cortical excitability using brain stimulation techniques.