Unlocking high-efficiency energy storage: neodymium ferrite perovskite as a cathode catalyst for vanadium redox flow batteries

The H-NdFeO 3 @GF cathode balances structure and activity for high-power VRFBs. Its 3D mesoporous network enables a high-rate capability, 78.87% initial EE at 150 mA cm −2 , and superb stability with 0.00352% decay per cycle over 1000 cycles.