Engineering polyphenol-based osteogenic system for bone and cartilage repair: Transplantation, tissue engineering, and organoid

The development of polyphenol-based osteogenic systems has progressed into a new phase, characterized by highly integrated and multicomponent functionality. These systems offer simple and effective strategies for solving various bone defect conditions. However, standardized procedures are still needed to successfully translate polyphenol osteogenic systems into the clinic.