Common signatures of neutrophils in diverse disease conditions

Neutrophils are traditionally recognized for their pro-inflammatory roles. However, accumulating evidence has begun to highlight the plasticity of transcriptional states of neutrophils during pathological insults. Whether such unconventional neutrophils share commonality across diverse disease conditions is incompletely understood. Here, we systematically profile over 500,000 neutrophils in key immune compartments and disease-inflicted tissues of the mouse models of metabolic disorder, autoimmunity, tissue damage, peripheral cancers, and intracranial gliomas. Of importance, we observe two distinct neutrophil clusters with unique immune features. The first cluster, characterized by Cd274, Vegfa, and antigen presentation, is highly enriched within the diseased tissues. In contrast, the second cluster with elevated Cd244 and type 2 immune response but reduced maturation markers primarily emerges in the peripheral blood and spleen of specific disease scenarios. These results have elucidated the common signatures of neutrophils in response to various pathological conditions, providing a valuable resource for the research of neutrophil biology.