A cross-sectional study of sleep quality in urban and rural adolescents with reference to their digital exposure

Abstract Background: With the widespread use of digital devices and increased screen time among adolescents, concerns have arisen regarding its potential impact on sleep quality. This study aims to investigate the correlation between excessive screen time and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global scores in adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 167 adolescents aged 10–19 years residing in rural and urban areas. Participants completed self-report questionnaires evaluating their screen time habits and sleep quality using the PSQI. Excessive screen time was defined as more than 2 h per day of exposure to digital screens, and an abnormal PSQI global score was defined as more than 5. Statistical analyses, including unpaired t test, Spearman’s correlation, and chi-square test, were employed to examine the association between excessive screen time and PSQI global scores. Results: The results revealed a significant positive correlation between excessive screen time and abnormal PSQI scores in adolescents ( r = 0.623, P < 0.001). Adolescents reporting excessive screen time were significantly more prone to abnormal PSQI scores compared to those with lower screen time ( P < 0.0001, t = 9.63, degree of freedom = 165). Conclusion: This study highlights a correlation between excessive screen time and abnormal sleep quality in adolescents, as assessed by the PSQI. These findings underscore the importance of promoting healthy screen time habits among adolescents to mitigate potential adverse effects on their sleep quality and overall health. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying this relationship and to develop effective interventions to address this issue.