Enhancing scaffold strength through rheological profiling of hydroxyapatite/nano-silica composite ink for advanced additive manufacturing ofbone-mimicking ceramic scaffolds

Purpose The field of medical technology is constantly evolving, leading to improvements in implantation techniques that offer innovative solutions for treating bone tissue defects. The purpose of this study is to investigate the integration of nano-silica into ceramic scaffolds to enhance the mechanical strength of Hydroxyapatite structures. Design/methodology/approach Using the design of experiment methodology, 13 distinct ceramic pastes, each optimized for specific mechanical characteristics, are formulated. Rheological testing is performed to ensure suitability for 3D printing, and the pastes are evaluated using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The definitive screening design optimizer is used to determine an ideal material combination based on factors like extrudability, printability, strength and biocompatibility. Findings Scaffolds with the optimized HA/SiO 2 composition are fabricated and tested for compression strength, achieving 7.8 MPa. Originality/value The research endeavors detailed within this study represent a notable advancement in the augmentation of ceramic scaffold properties tailored for bone tissue engineering applications, particularly focusing on their suitability for integration within load-bearing structures. A particular emphasis is placed on the enhancement of printability, thereby facilitating streamlined fabrication processes.