Effective and sustained proactivity in the workplace: A self-determination theory perspective

Proactivity involves self-starting and future-focused action that aims to bring about change, either in the self or in one’s work environment. In this chapter, drawing particularly on self-determination theory, we outline and develop current conceptualizations of how proactivity is motivated, as well as how to promote proactivity that is effective in bringing about change. We propose that autonomous regulation increases the likelihood that proactivity results in positive change for both individuals and organizations and introduce in a dynamic model that represents the positive upward spiral of autonomously regulated proactivity. Autonomously regulated proactivity involves a more complete goal regulation process and a greater sense of ownership and involvement of the self, thus making it more likely for proactive goals to be achieved. Via the satisfaction of psychological needs it enables high levels of individual proactivity that are sustained over time, and stimulates proactivity that is in line with organizational goals. We outline how organizations can encourage autonomously regulated individual proactivity that enhances employees’ wellbeing and personal growth, and contributes to organizational effectiveness.