Streptomycin‐induced ribosome engineering complemented with fermentation optimization for enhanced production of 10‐membered enediynes tiancimycin‐A and tiancimycin‐D

Abstract Tiancimycins (TNMs) are a group of 10‐membered anthraquinone‐fused enediynes, newly discovered from Streptomyces sp. CB03234. Among them, TNM‐A and TNM‐D have exhibited excellent antitumor performances and could be exploited as very promising warheads for the development of anticancer antibody‐drug conjugates (ADCs). However, their low titers, especially TNM‐D, have severely limited following progress. Therefore, the streptomycin‐induced ribosome engineering was adopted in this work for strain improvement of CB03234, and a TNMs high producer S . sp. CB03234‐S with the K43N mutation at 30S ribosomal protein S12 was successfully screened out. Subsequent media optimization revealed the essential effects of iodide and copper ion on the production of TNMs, while the substitution of nitrogen source could evidently promote the accumulation of TNM‐D, and the ratio of produced TNM‐A and TNM‐D was responsive to the change of carbon and nitrogen ratio in the medium. Further amelioration of the pH control in scaled up 25 L fermentation increased the average titers of TNM‐A and TNM‐D up to 13.7 ± 0.3 and 19.2 ± 0.4 mg/L, respectively. The achieved over 45‐fold titer improvement of TNM‐A, and 109‐fold total titer improvement of TNM‐A and TNM‐D enabled the efficient purification of over 200 mg of each target molecule from 25 L fermentation. Our efforts have demonstrated a practical strategy for titer improvement of anthraquinone‐fused enediynes and set up a solid base for the pilot scale production and preclinical studies of TNMs to expedite the future development of anticancer ADC drugs.