ObjectiveTo discuss and compare the efficacy of improved lateral position and lithotomy position for URSL. MethodsA total of 71 patients with 76 sides suffered upper ureteral calculi were treated with URSL, including 41 patients with 44 sides using lithotomy position, 30 patients with 32 sides using lateral position. And then the results of both types of body positions for the surgery were analyzed and compared. ResultsThe achievement ratios of stone fragmentation with single procedure were 70.4% (31/44) in the group of lithotomy position and 93.8% (30/32) in the group of lateral position. The latter was significantly higher than the former (P 0.05). Conclusion The result of using lateral position for URSL as a treatment of upper ureteral calculi is much better than that using lithotomy position. It can be chosen as the standard position for the URSL in treating upper ureteral calculi.