This paper is for the purpose of designing a FPGA-based data acquisition system, utilizing the high processing speed feature of FPGA. This system realizes the physical signal acquisition, analog signal to digital signal conversion and data storage. FPGA, as the core of the data acquisition system, collects and stores the data. This system is divided into three modules: the front-end signal processing module, FPGA data acquisition module, and data storage module. The FPGA data acquisition module is designed by the VHDL and simulated by the ISE software. This system has the advantage of being a simple unit with low power consumption and being used to collect data from different sensors.