Sea cucumber peptides alleviate hyperuricemic nephropathy via HIF-1α/NF-κB/STAT3-SIRT1/p300 axis-mediated metabolic and epigenetic modulation

the SIRT1/p300 axis, suppressing global protein and histone lactylation. Concurrently, SCPs inhibited the HIF-1α/NF-κB/STAT3 pathway, decoupling metabolic-inflammatory signaling. These findings demonstrate that SCPs alleviate HN through multi-targeted regulation of urate metabolism, metabolic reprogramming, and lactylation, offering a novel strategy for functional food development.