Hydronephrosis

HYDRONEPHROSIS, a term originated by Rayer in 1841, is used to denote changes in the kidney that follow obstruction to the flow of urine. Because so many diseases in or adjacent to the urinary tract are capable of producing obstruction at various levels of the urinary channels, the condition is a very common one. This review is limited to a few of the discussions and observations over the years that have probed into the anatomic, physiologic, diagnostic and surgical aspects of the subject.Anatomic ObservationsIt is known that hydronephrosis may follow obstructive lesions anywhere in the urinary tract: proximally, . . .