Propofol Versus Remimazolam on Cognitive Function, Hemodynamics, and Oxygenation During One-Lung Ventilation in Older Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objectives To investigate the effects of remimazolam on postoperative cognitive function, intraoperative hemodynamics, and oxygenation in older patients undergoing lobectomy. Design A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Setting A university hospital. Participants Eighty-four older patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy, aged ≥65 years. Interventions Patients were divided randomly into the remimazolam (group R) and propofol (group P) groups. Group R underwent remimazolam anesthesia induction and maintenance, whereas group P underwent propofol anesthesia induction and maintenance. Cognitive function was assessed with neuropsychological tests 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. The Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Digit Symbol Switching Test (DSST), and Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan (AVLT-H) assessed visuospatial ability, language function, attention, and memory, respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac index were recorded 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 minutes after sedation (T1), 5 minutes after intubation with two-lung ventilation (T2), 30 minutes after one-lung ventilation (OLV) (T3), 60 minutes after OLV (T4), and at the end of surgery (T5), and the incidences of hypotension and bradycardia were recorded. The PaO2, oxygenation index (OI), and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were assessed at T0, T2, T3, T4, and T5. The levels of S-100β and interleukin 6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at T0, T5, 24 hours after surgery (T6), and on day 7 after surgery (T7). Measurements and Main Results The VFT, DSST, immediate recall AVLT-H, and short-delayed recall AVLT-H scores were significantly higher in group R than in group P on day 7 after surgery (p < 0.05). The SBP and MAP at T2 to T5 were significantly higher in group R than in group P, the incidence of hypotension was significantly lower in group R (9.5%) than in group P (35.7%) (p = 0.004), and remimazolam significantly reduced the dose of phenylephrine used (p < 0.05). The PaO2 and OI at T4 were significantly higher in group R than in group P, and Qs/Qt was significantly lower in group R than in group P. The levels of S-100β at T5 were significantly lower in group R than in group P (p < 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that remimazolam (versus propofol) may lessen the degree of short-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction measured by standard neuropsychological tests, better optimize intraoperative hemodynamics, and lead to improved oxygenation during OLV. To investigate the effects of remimazolam on postoperative cognitive function, intraoperative hemodynamics, and oxygenation in older patients undergoing lobectomy. A prospective, double-blind, randomized, controlled study. A university hospital. Eighty-four older patients with lung cancer who underwent lobectomy, aged ≥65 years. Patients were divided randomly into the remimazolam (group R) and propofol (group P) groups. Group R underwent remimazolam anesthesia induction and maintenance, whereas group P underwent propofol anesthesia induction and maintenance. Cognitive function was assessed with neuropsychological tests 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery. The Clock Drawing Test, Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Digit Symbol Switching Test (DSST), and Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Huashan (AVLT-H) assessed visuospatial ability, language function, attention, and memory, respectively. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and cardiac index were recorded 5 minutes before induction of anesthesia (T0), 2 minutes after sedation (T1), 5 minutes after intubation with two-lung ventilation (T2), 30 minutes after one-lung ventilation (OLV) (T3), 60 minutes after OLV (T4), and at the end of surgery (T5), and the incidences of hypotension and bradycardia were recorded. The PaO2, oxygenation index (OI), and intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) were assessed at T0, T2, T3, T4, and T5. The levels of S-100β and interleukin 6 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at T0, T5, 24 hours after surgery (T6), and on day 7 after surgery (T7). The VFT, DSST, immediate recall AVLT-H, and short-delayed recall AVLT-H scores were significantly higher in group R than in group P on day 7 after surgery (p < 0.05). The SBP and MAP at T2 to T5 were significantly higher in group R than in group P, the incidence of hypotension was significantly lower in group R (9.5%) than in group P (35.7%) (p = 0.004), and remimazolam significantly reduced the dose of phenylephrine used (p < 0.05). The PaO2 and OI at T4 were significantly higher in group R than in group P, and Qs/Qt was significantly lower in group R than in group P. The levels of S-100β at T5 were significantly lower in group R than in group P (p < 0.05). The results showed that remimazolam (versus propofol) may lessen the degree of short-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction measured by standard neuropsychological tests, better optimize intraoperative hemodynamics, and lead to improved oxygenation during OLV.