Antihepatoma activity of Marsdenia tenacissima polysaccharide-decorated selenium nanoparticles by regulating the Bax/Bcl-2/caspases and p21/Akt/cyclin A2 signaling pathways

Combining selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) with bioactive polysaccharides is one of the effective ways to overcome the shortcomings of SeNPs and polysaccharides and obtain novel antitumor drug candidates. In this study, a heteropolysaccharide (MTP70) with moderate antihepatoma activity was isolated from the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Wight et Arn. To further improve the antihepatoma activity of MTP70 and the application of SeNPs, a novel stable nanoparticle (MTP-SeNP) was designed and fabricated. MTP-SeNPs (Se content of 8.25 %) were characterized as monodisperse spherical nanoparticles (50 nm) with MTP70 wrapped on the surface of the SeNPs by the formation of CO⋯Se bonds and possessed high stability and good dispersion in water for almost a month. In addition, MTP-SeNPs showed higher inhibitory effect compared with MTP70. MTP-SeNPs could effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HepG2 cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle at the S phase, which were closely related to the activation of the Bax/Bcl-2/Caspases and p21/Akt/Cyclin A2 signaling pathways. Our results provide a theoretical basis for further development and application of M. tenacissima polysaccharide, and show that MTP-SeNPs could be explored as a promising anti-hepatoma agent in the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries.