Enhanced Antifouling Capability of In Situ-Grown Hydrophilic–Hydrophobic Nanodomains on Membrane Surface in the Ultralow Pressurized Ultrafiltration Process

Although hydrophilic modification of the membrane surface is widely adopted, polymeric membranes still suffer from irreversible fouling caused by hydrophilic components in surface water. Here, an ultrathin hydrogel layer (40 nm) with hydrophilic-hydrophobic textures was