Chronic sleep deprivation induces erectile dysfunction through increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, and corporal fibrosis in a rat model

CSD severely impairs erectile function in rats. When exposed to CSD, rats exhibit significantly elevated oxidative stress levels, which lead to increased tissue apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction, and ultimately irreversible fibrotic changes in the tissues. Further researches into the potential molecular mechanisms are needed to identify possible therapeutic targets for ED related to CSD.