Multi-omics perspective on Huoluo Xiaoling Pellet: key bioactive compounds and related mechanisms for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Our results demonstrated that HXP was an effective drug to improve the development of KOA. Among them, Salvianolic acid B, the most abundant compound in HXP and the best computer simulation result, may be the key monomer compound of HXP for KOA treatment. The results of the visualisation analysis further contributed to our understanding of HXP treatment of KOA in terms of changes in SHIP1, PTPRC proteins and cytochrome P450 enzyme family. This is associated with the SHIP1/PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 pathways, as well as arachidonic acid metabolism and immune regulation.