Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in inflammatory bowel disease: prevalence, risk factors, pathophysiological pathways and clinical consequences

IBD itself, especially Crohn's disease, is a risk factor for MASLD and its progression to liver cirrhosis, independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors. Intestine-dependent mechanisms which contribute to MASLD in IBD and interplay with classic metabolic factors include sarcopenia, disease phenotype, duration, and activity. Changes in microbiota also contribute to deregulating the gut-liver axis in these conditions. By contrast, IBD therapies do not seem to play a relevant role in the risk of developing MASLD; and the potential of biologics and novel small molecules on liver changes requires further investigation. MASLD increases comorbidities, impairs clinical outcomes, and increases mortality in IBD patients; therefore, early detection of MASLD is a priority in IBD populations. Individualized and integrative management of both MASLD and IBD is required to improve results.