Cirsium japonicum leaf extract attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in mice via suppression of the NLRP3 and HIF1α pathways

CJE suppressed multiple inflammatory responses through the regulation of NLRP3 and HIF1α signaling-related gene expression in macrophages of LPS-induced ARDS mice. These results suggest that CJE has therapeutic potential for treating patients with ARDS via macrophage regulation.