Fermentation-synergized physical modification: Enhancing physicochemical properties and bioactivities of soluble dietary fiber from peanut shells

In this study, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum BNCC 339790 was employed to extract soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from peanut shells, followed by modification using ultrasonic, microwave, and ultra-high-pressure methods to investigate their effects on SDF properties. Ultra-high-pressure modification increased SDF's water-holding and oil-holding capacities by 1.74-fold and 2.07-fold, respectively. Characterization revealed decreased crystallinity and altered surface morphology with increased roughness and porosity after modification by the three methods. In addition, microwave-treated SDF exhibited better thermal stability. Ultrasonic treatment significantly enhanced SDF's inhibitory effects on pancreatic lipase (from 62.44 % to 83.33 %) and α-amylase (from 79.81 % to 94.94 %), demonstrated improved hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential. Furthermore, ultrasonically modified SDF exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity by significantly suppressing TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β expression. This study provides a foundation for the further development of SDF and its promotion in functional foods and other potential applications.