[Guideline for clinical application of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adults patients in China (2023 edition)].

Malnutrition refers to the state of energy or nutrient deficiency caused by insufficient intake or utilization, which is the main factor leading to adverse clinical outcomes. In order to further standardize the nutritional support treatment process, nearly 100 experts in related fields were organized by the Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (CSPEN) to elaborate on the following topics based on the existing evidence-based medical evidence: nutritional screening and assessment; diagnosis and monitoring of malnutrition; diagnosis and treatment process, energy targets and health economic benefits of nutritional support therapy; indication, starting time, infusion mode and formula selection of enteral nutrition (EN) and parenteral nutrition (PN); monitoring of tolerance of nutritional support treatment, prevention and management of complications, etc. Finally, 37 questions and 60 recommendations were put forward to provide reference for clinical standard application of parenteral and enteral nutrition.营养不良是指由于摄入不足或利用障碍引起能量或营养素缺乏的状态，是导致不良临床结局的主要因素。为进一步规范营养支持治疗流程，由中华医学会肠外肠内营养学分会（CSPEN）组织国内近百位相关领域的专家，基于现有的循证医学证据，围绕以下主题进行阐述：营养筛查及评估；营养不良的诊断及监测；营养支持治疗的诊疗流程、供能目标及卫生经济学效益；肠内营养（EN）和肠外营养（PN）的适应证、启动时机、输注方式及配方的选择；营养支持治疗耐受性的监测、并发症的预防及管理等，最终提出37个问题、60条推荐意见，旨在为肠外肠内营养的临床规范应用提供参考。.