Modulating carbon quantum dots using multi-heteroatom doping as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for efficient oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions in alkaline electrolytes

Synthesis of multi-heteroatom doped carbon quantum dots is demonstrated. The obtained Si, N, P-CQDs showed exceptional OER in 1.0M KOH by reaching 10 mA cm −2 at 117 mV with a Tafel slope of 221.2 mV dec −1 and −10 mA cm −2 at 338 mV with 113 mV dec −1 for HER.