Shape memory hallmarks and antimicrobial efficacy of polyurethane composites

Emerging incidences of microbial diseases have imposed an alarming condition leading to the greatest threats to global health. The development of antimicrobial resistance among the pathogenic strains has further provided a recent surge in this issue. Polyurethane is a widely recognized synthetic polymer comprising isocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders. Owing to its extraordinarily unique physicochemical properties it finds a broad spectrum prospective in biomedical and clinical applications. Further incorporation of additional fillers into the polymeric matrix imparts the fabricated composite with improved physicochemical properties. Most prominently among them is the evolution of antimicrobial ability into the synthesized composite. The present review explores the antimicrobial activity of polyurethane-based composites and their applicability in wound infection prevention, antimicrobial coatings, water, and air disinfection as well as in therapeutics. We have also provided a deep insight into the shape memory behavior of the polymers with impetus on their shape, structure, and features. Furthermore, a brief discussion on the mechanistic overview of the antimicrobial activity of polyurethane-based composites is deciphered, an understanding of which is essential for the development of effective antimicrobials.