A randomized multicenter trial of a chronic disease management intervention for decompensated cirrhosis. The Australian Liver Failure (ALFIE) trial

Background and Aims: Improving the care of decompensated cirrhosis is a significant clinical challenge. The primary aim of this trial was to assess the efficacy of a chronic disease management (CDM) model to reduce liver-related emergency admissions (LREA). The secondary aims were to assess model effects on quality-of-care and patient-reported outcomes. Approach and Results: The study design was a 2-year, multicenter, randomized controlled study with 1:1 allocation of a CDM model versus usual care. The study setting involved both tertiary and community care. Participants were randomly allocated following a decompensated cirrhosis admission. The intervention was a multifaceted CDM model coordinated by a liver nurse. A total of 147 participants (intervention=75, control=71) were recruited with a median Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score of 19. For the primary outcome, there was no difference in the overall LREA rate for the intervention group versus the control group (incident rate ratio 0.89; 95% CI: 0.53–1.50, p =0.666) or in actuarial survival (HR=1.14; 95% CI: 0.66–1.96, p =0.646). However, there was a reduced risk of LREA due to encephalopathy in the intervention versus control group (HR=1.87; 95% CI: 1.18–2.96, p =0.007). Significant improvement in quality-of-care measures was seen for the performance of bone density ( p <0.001), vitamin D testing ( p <0.001), and HCC surveillance adherence ( p =0.050). For assessable participants (44/74 intervention, 32/71 controls) significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes at 3 months were seen in self-management ability and quality of life as assessed by visual analog scale ( p =0.044). Conclusions: This CDM intervention did not reduce overall LREA events and may not be effective in decompensated cirrhosis for this end point.