Reduced-dose versus high-dose glucocorticoids added to rituximab on remission induction in ANCA-associated vasculitis: predefined 2-year follow-up study

Objectives The LoVAS trial reported non-inferiority in remission induction rates between the reduced-dose and conventional high-dose glucocorticoid regimens plus rituximab for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis at 6 months; however, maintenance glucocorticoid requirements and long-term outcomes are unknown. Methods A total of 140 patients with new-onset ANCA-associated vasculitis without severe glomerulonephritis or alveolar haemorrhage were randomised to receive reduced-dose prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) plus rituximab (375 mg/m 2 /week×4) or high-dose prednisolone (1 mg/kg/day) plus rituximab. After achieving remission, patients received the rituximab maintenance therapy (1 g/6 months). Results A total of 134 patients were analysed. Among patients who achieved remission with the protocolised treatments, the majority of patients in the reduced-dose group (89.7%) and 15.5% in the high-dose group discontinued prednisolone (median time to withdrawal, 150 and 375 days, respectively). During 24-month trial period, two patients in the reduced-dose group (2.8%) died, while five patients in the high-dose group (7.6%) died (p=0.225). Relapse occurred in nine patients in the reduced-dose group (13.0%) (two major and seven minor) and five in the high-dose group (7.6%) (two major and three minor) (p=0.311). Serious adverse events (SAEs) were less frequent in the reduced-dose group (36 events in 19 patients, 27.5%) than in the high-dose group (54 events in 30 patients, 46.2%) (p=0.025). Conclusion At 24 months, frequencies of relapse did not differ between the groups, and SAEs were less frequent in the reduced-dose group due to the lower event rate in the 6-month induction phase. The bias to myeloperoxidase-ANCA positivity (85.8%) in the trial population should be noted. Trial registration number NCT02198248 .