Does economic policy uncertainty matter for a firm's leverage and speed of adjustment?

Purpose This research intends to investigate the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on the firm's leverage and its adjustment speed. Design/methodology/approach This study applies dynamic panel data modeling by using a partial adjustment model. The study is based on secondary data of the non-financial firms that are listed on the Pakistan stock exchange. For the analysis purpose, the study applies the generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique and uses a newly developed text-based measure of economic policy uncertainty. Findings The results show the negative impact of EPU on leverage decisions but a positive impact of EPU on leverage speed of adjustment for both, short-run and long-run economic policy shocks. Additional analysis reveals that the negative influence of long-run policy shocks on leverage decisions is moderated through profitability, and the negative influence of short-run policy shocks on leverage is moderated through firm size, tangibility and available growth prospects. However, the significant positive impact of EPU on the leverage speed of adjustment in both short and long-term policy shocks indicates that the speed of adjustment for these firms is not affected by policy shocks. Originality/value This research contributes to the existing literature on capital structure dynamics,by investigating the impact of EPU on firm financing decisions and estimating the adjustment speed of capital structure in a developing market context. The study also extends the existing literature by applying the concept of long-run and short-run economic policy uncertainty in the capital structure dynamic framework. Additionally, the new news-based measure of EPU is used. Moreover, it also looks into the COVID-19 effect on the relationship.