Prevalence and risk factors for cirrhotic cardiomyopathy: a prospective cross-sectional study

Background This study aimed to assess cardiac structure and function in patients with cirrhosis, to investigate the prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) in patients with cirrhosis of different etiologies and to analyze the risk factors for the development of CCM. Methods This study selected cirrhotic patients aged 18–75 years who were hospitalized in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. Patients with known heart disease, chronic lung disease, severe renal insufficiency, malignancy, thyroid disease, hypertension, diabetes or pregnancy were excluded. A total of 131 patients with cirrhosis were finally included. Based on the results of echocardiography, patients who met the diagnostic definition of CCM were included in the CCM group, otherwise, they were classified as the non-CCM group. The demographic and clinical data of the two groups were compared, and the clinical characteristics and risk factors of CCM were evaluated. Results The overall prevalence of CCM was 24.4%, and the occurrence of CCM was not related to the etiology of liver cirrhosis. The prevalence of CCM was significantly higher among cirrhotic patients complicated with ascites (31.4% vs. 16.4%; P = 0.046) or with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) (42.9% vs. 17.1%; P = 0.003). Older age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.058; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.113; P = 0.032] and PVT (OR = 2.999; 95% CI, 1.194–7.533; P = 0.019) were independent risk factors for the development of CCM. Conclusion The prevalence of CCM in cirrhotic patients was 24.4%, and the occurrence of CCM was not related to the etiology of cirrhosis. The prevalence of CCM was higher in cirrhotic patients with ascites or PVT. Older age and PVT are independent risk factors for CCM, but validation in larger sample studies is still needed.