Enhanced Solvent-Free CO2 Cycloaddition and Green Sulfide Oxidation Using Surfactant-Modified Defective HKUST-1 for Encapsulating β-Brominated Zn(II) Porphyrin

In this study, we investigated the catalytic potential of β-brominated Zn(II) porphyrin (ZnTPyPBr) encapsulated within defective HKUST-1 (ZnTPyPBr@DHKUST) to facilitate the two crucial reactions: CO2 cycloaddition and organic sulfide oxidation. The methodology we employed entailed fabricating DHKUST with increased mesoporosity via surfactant self-assembly and subsequent post-synthetic encapsulation of ZnTPyPBr within its mesopores. Remarkably our embedded metalloporphyrin served as a highly efficient functional site for solvent-free CO2 cycloaddition and sulfide oxidation, yielding maximal conversions of 95.40% and 92%, respectively, under moderate conditions. The characterization of the catalyst and its reusability were investigated using several analysis methods, which confirmed its successful preparation and stability, as well as the absence of significant leaching of metal ions and catalytic activity loss.