Nonlinear Chiroptical Holography with Pancharatnam–Berry Phase Controlled Plasmonic Metasurface

Metasurface optical holography represents an important technique for developing ultrathin diffractive optical elements. Among various designs, the metasurface devices with strong chiroptical responses offer a new degree of freedom to manipulate light fields. However, in a linear optical regime, it is usually complicated to realize strong chiroptical properties with metasurfaces. Here, nonlinear chiroptical holography using the Pancharatnam–Berry phase controlled achiral metasurface is reported. The metasurface consists of mirror symmetry breaking plasmonic meta-atoms. Under the pumping of a fundamental wave, the achiral meta-atoms radiate second harmonic waves with strong circular dichroism and spin dependent Pancharatnam–Berry phase. Both the amplitude and phase of the second harmonic waves can be independently and simultaneously controlled at the subwavelength scale. As a proof of concept, the spin selective nonlinear chiroptical holography is experimentally demonstrated through the second harmonic process on gold plasmonic metasurfaces. The proposed nonlinear metasurface with Pancharatnam–Berry phase and chiroptical properties open new avenues for multifunctional wavefront engineering and optical information processing.