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Initial Phases of Biofilm Formation in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1

舍瓦内拉 生物膜 生物 菌毛 突变体 微生物学 运动性 生物物理学 转座子突变 细胞生物学 细菌 生物化学 毒力 基因 遗传学 转座因子
作者
Kai M. Thormann,Renée M. Saville,Soni Shukla,Dale A. Pelletier,Alfred M. Spormann
出处
期刊:Journal of Bacteriology [American Society for Microbiology]
卷期号:186 (23): 8096-8104 被引量:204
标识
DOI:10.1128/jb.186.23.8096-8104.2004
摘要

ABSTRACT Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 is a facultative Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing microorganism and serves as a model for studying microbially induced dissolution of Fe or Mn oxide minerals as well as biogeochemical cycles. In soil and sediment environments, S. oneidensis biofilms form on mineral surfaces and are critical for mediating the metabolic interaction between this microbe and insoluble metal oxide phases. In order to develop an understanding of the molecular basis of biofilm formation, we investigated S. oneidensis biofilms developing on glass surfaces in a hydrodynamic flow chamber system. After initial attachment, growth of microcolonies and lateral spreading of biofilm cells on the surface occurred simultaneously within the first 24 h. Once surface coverage was almost complete, biofilm development proceeded with extensive vertical growth, resulting in formation of towering structures giving rise to pronounced three-dimensional architecture. Biofilm development was found to be dependent on the nutrient conditions, suggesting a metabolic control. In global transposon mutagenesis, 173 insertion mutants out of 15,000 mutants screened were identified carrying defects in initial attachment and/or early stages in biofilm formation. Seventy-one of those mutants exhibited a nonswimming phenotype, suggesting a role of swimming motility or motility elements in biofilm formation. Disruption mutations in motility genes ( flhB , fliK , and pomA ), however, did not affect initial attachment but affected progression of biofilm development into pronounced three-dimensional architecture. In contrast, mutants defective in mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin type IV pilus biosynthesis and in pilus retraction ( pilT ) showed severe defects in adhesion to abiotic surfaces and biofilm formation, respectively. The results provide a basis for understanding microbe-mineral interactions in natural environments.
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