The developments of pathogenesis and treatment in hepatorenal syndrome

Hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) is a common complication of serious liver disease with a very high mortality. Functional renal failure is its major clinical manifestation. The pathogenesis of HRS is very complicated, such as peripheral arteries vasodilation theory and hepato-renal reflex theory. Treatment includes: vasocontractive Drugs, that are highly selective to systemic vasocontraction with a minimal effect on renal blood flow, should be used in combination with the plasma expansion, in order to correct the hyperdynamic circulation, to inhibit the stimulation of RAAS and the sympathetic nerve, and to improve the renal function; Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) should be used to reduce portal hypertension; and Liver transplantation should be the best treatment for HRS. Due to less effect of the treatment, prevention of HRS is the best way for progressing to HRS.