Objective To investigate the influence factors of efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. Methods 632 reported literatures about efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine from March 2008 to March 2013 were collected and on this basis,the different influence factors that affect the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine were summarized and classified. Results Factors influencing the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine included the quality, collection and processing of traditional Chinese medicine,as well as prescription writing and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine.Among these factors,the quality,collection and processing of traditional Chinese medicine are main influence factors on the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and it accounted for 99.37%,98.73% and 99.68% respectively. Conclusion To some extent,the quality,collection,processing,prescription writing and compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine can all influence the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.These factors should be adequately considered to achieve the best efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.