Biosynthesis of biologically active terpenoids in the mint family (Lamiaceae)

Covering: 2000 to 2025The Lamiaceae family, the sixth largest among angiosperms, is renowned for its rich diversity of terpenoids, many of which exhibit remarkable bioactivities, including anti-inflammatory, psychoactive, anti-cancer, and antiviral effects. Notable examples with fully elucidated biosynthetic pathways include menthol from peppermint, forskolin from blue spur flower, and carnosol from rosemary. For other key Lamiaceae terpenes-such as the anti-cancer oridonin, the psychoactive salvinorin A, and bioactive marrubiin and vitexilactone-significant progress has been made. This review explores the bioactivity and biosynthesis of Lamiaceae terpenes, with a focus on mono- and diterpenes, while highlighting future research directions.