In this special issue of the Journal of General Physiology (JGP), we bring together a collection of studies that exemplify the multidimensional progress in physiology, pharmacology, and structure-function analysis of voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels. From computational studies and single-residue mutagenesis to insights into drug interactions and electrophysiological variability, the assembled papers illustrate the richness and continuing momentum of this field.