A smartphone platform developed with AI assistance for ultrasensitive dual-mode detection of tetracycline using Au@ZnO/Pt nanozymes

ions in the nanoparticles formed stable chelates with TC, resulting in a significant turn-on green fluorescence response, achieving a fluorescent detection method with an LOD of 0.48 nM. By integrating these two mechanisms, we established a dual-mode sensing strategy combining colorimetric and fluorescence outputs for the rapid (≤5 min), sensitive, and reliable detection of TC in real water samples. Furthermore, with the assistance of AI, we developed a smartphone application and integrated it with test strips embedded with Au@ZnO/Pt nanoparticles, providing a portable and practical solution for on-site TC monitoring.