Nanoparticles for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Therapy: Exosomes and Synthetic Nanoparticles, Challenges and Opportunities

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine syndrome in females, remains a human health problem worldwide. Nano-based drug delivery system has emerged as a novel therapy against PCOS. Recent developments in nanotechnology have led to the innovation of synthetic and natural-based nanoparticles (NPs) that deliver therapeutic agents to PCOS. The synthetic NPs, including Ag-NPs, selenium-NPs, Cu-NPs/Fe3O4-NPs, superparamagnetic iron oxide NPs, and chitosan-NPs, as well as natural NPs such as nanocurcumin and exosomes, are used to combat PCOS. Exosomes are cell-derived NPs that regulate cell-to-cell communication. Exosomes from stem cells showed promising results regarding the treatment of PCOS. It seems that the application of NPs in PCOS is not widely understood. Although the Nano-based drug delivery system showed beneficial effects against PCOS, this approach faces some challenges. Further innovation and investigations in clinical and preclinical platforms are needed for clinical translation. This paper is an overview of the application of synthetic and natural NPs in treating PCOS. In addition, the present paper aims to describe exosome-based therapy in PCOS while shedding light on the perspective of nano-based drug delivery systems.