Green hairy basil seed mucilage biosorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction enrichment of tetracyclines in bovine milk samples followed by HPLC analysis

Unmodified hairy basil seed mucilage (Ocimum basilicum L.), with attractive features as structural functionality and adsorption capacity, was employed as a green biosorbent for dispersive solid phase extraction and enrichment of oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and doxycycline before quantitation by HPLC-UV for the first time. Hairy basil crushed seed increased the contacting surface area and was completely dispersed in the sample solution to extract tetracyclines under acidic condition with the assistance of ultrasonic waves. The analytes in the extraction phase were separated on a C18 column under isocratic condition with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid. Influence of chemical and physical variables on the extraction efficiency of the developed method was investigated and optimized systematically. Under the optimal condition of all experimental parameters, good linear ranges were obtained at 15.0–500 μg L−1 for tetracyclines with determination coefficients more than 0.9994. Limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged 5.0–7.0 and 15.0 μg L−1, respectively. Relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the proposed method at 100 and 300 μg L−1 for TCs were less than 13 % and 10 %, respectively with percentage TC recoveries from spiked standard ranging 83.1–109.9 %. This simple, reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly method was successfully applied for the analysis of tetracycline residues in milk. The greenness of the proposed method was assessed using the Analytical Eco-Scale and AGREE protocol.