Glycosyltransferases as versatile tools to study the biology of glycans

聚糖 糖生物学 生物正交化学 糖组学 糖基转移酶 表位 计算生物学 糖蛋白 生物化学 糖组 化学 生物 点击化学 基因 组合化学 抗原 遗传学
作者
Joshua M. Kofsky,Jonathan L. Babulic,Marie E. Boddington,Fabiola V. De León González,Chantelle J. Capicciotti
出处
期刊:Glycobiology [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:33 (11): 888-910 被引量:5
标识
DOI:10.1093/glycob/cwad092
摘要

Abstract All cells are decorated with complex carbohydrate structures called glycans that serve as ligands for glycan-binding proteins (GBPs) to mediate a wide range of biological processes. Understanding the specific functions of glycans is key to advancing an understanding of human health and disease. However, the lack of convenient and accessible tools to study glycan-based interactions has been a defining challenge in glycobiology. Thus, the development of chemical and biochemical strategies to address these limitations has been a rapidly growing area of research. In this review, we describe the use of glycosyltransferases (GTs) as versatile tools to facilitate a greater understanding of the biological roles of glycans. We highlight key examples of how GTs have streamlined the preparation of well-defined complex glycan structures through chemoenzymatic synthesis, with an emphasis on synthetic strategies allowing for site- and branch-specific display of glyco-epitopes. We also describe how GTs have facilitated expansion of glyco-engineering strategies, on both glycoproteins and cell surfaces. Coupled with advancements in bioorthogonal chemistry, GTs have enabled selective glyco-epitope editing of glycoproteins and cells, selective glycan subclass labeling, and the introduction of novel biomolecule functionalities onto cells, including defined oligosaccharides, antibodies, and other proteins. Collectively, these approaches have contributed great insight into the fundamental biological roles of glycans and are enabling their application in drug development and cellular therapies, leaving the field poised for rapid expansion.
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